Exploring the Relationship between Abiotic Environmental Degradation and Papilionoidea Butterfly Diversity along a Forest Conversion Gradient in Keerom Regency, Papua
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/ijisk.v3i4.576Keywords:
biodiversitas, bioindikator, degradasi habitat, kupu-kupu Papilionoidea, PapuaAbstract
Konversi hutan menjadi perkebunan kelapa sawit di Papua telah menyebabkan degradasi habitat yang mengancam keanekaragaman hayati. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi hubungan antara parameter lingkungan abiotik dan diversitas kupu-kupu Papilionoidea di sepanjang gradien konversi hutan di Kabupaten Keerom, menggunakan metode transek visual pada tiga zona habitat (hutan sekunder, perkebunan non-produktif, dan perkebunan produktif) selama Februari-Juni 2025. Parameter abiotik yang diukur meliputi suhu udara, kelembaban relatif, tutupan kanopi, dan intensitas cahaya.
Hasil penelitian mencatat 82 spesies kupu-kupu dari 5 famili dengan total kelimpahan 1.247 individu. Keanekaragaman menurun tajam sepanjang gradien konversi, dari 70 spesies di hutan sekunder menjadi 32 spesies di perkebunan produktif, dengan indeks Shannon-Wiener turun 37,1% (3,847 menjadi 2,418); 12 spesies endemik Papua hanya ditemukan di hutan sekunder. Seluruh parameter abiotik berbeda signifikan antar zona (ANOVA, p < 0,001). Tutupan kanopi menunjukkan korelasi positif terkuat dengan keanekaragaman (r = +0,967), diikuti kelembaban (r = +0,956), sedangkan suhu berkorelasi negatif (r = -0,943).
Model regresi linear berganda memprediksi keanekaragaman dengan akurasi tinggi (R² = 0,967), dengan threshold kritis tutupan kanopi >60%, kelembaban >75%, dan suhu <29°C. Temuan ini mengkonfirmasi kupu-kupu Papilionoidea sebagai bioindikator sensitif terhadap degradasi habitat dan menjadi dasar ilmiah bagi strategi konservasi dan manajemen lanskap berkelanjutan di kawasan tropis.
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