Kemampuan Orang Tua dalam Mengembangkan Regulasi Emosi Anak Usia 1 - 2 Tahun Di Tegal Wangi Cilegon Banten
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/ijisk.v3i4.615Abstract
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana pengalaman nyata orang tua dalam membantu mengelola emosi anak usia 1–2 tahun (toddler) di Kampung Tegal Wangi, Cilegon, Banten, serta faktor apa saja yang melatarbelakangi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif fenomenologi untuk menggali cerita yang jujur dan mendalam langsung dari situasi kehidupan informan. Data dalam skripsi ini dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam kepada 5 orang tua yang dipilih secara khusus, serta didukung oleh foto dokumentasi dan penggunaan catatan lapangan (fieldnote) selama berada di lokasi riset. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan setiap orang tua berbeda-beda saat menghadapi anak yang rewel. Orang tua yang memiliki pemahaman baik tentang pengasuhan cenderung bisa lebih sabar. Mereka mampu menenangkan anak secara fisik saat menangis (co-regulation), memberikan contoh perilaku yang tenang (emotional modeling), dan pintar memberi tahu nama perasaan kepada anak (emotion labeling). Sebaliknya, kemampuan ini bisa terhambat oleh beberapa masalah nyata, seperti kurangnya ilmu mengasuh anak, rasa lelah fisik, dan kejenuhan mengurus rumah sendirian (parenting burnout). Masalah-masalah inilah yang memicu stres sehingga orang tua refleks membentak atau terpaksa memberikan HP sebagai penenang instan (digital pacifier). Kesimpulannya, kemampuan orang tua dalam melatih emosi anak sangat bergantung pada cara mereka menahan emosi diri sendiri, di mana bantuan nyata dari suami lewat kerja sama mengasuh anak (coparenting) menjadi faktor pendukung yang paling utama.
Kata kunci: Kemampuan Orang Tua, Mengembangkan Regulasi Emosi, Anak
Usia Toddler, Faktor Pengasuhan, Kerja Sama Suami Istri (Coparenting).
Abstract
This study aims to examine the lived experiences of parents in managing the emotions of toddlers (aged 1–2 years) in Kampung Tegal Wangi, Cilegon, Banten, as well as the underlying factors involved. A qualitative phenomenological approach was employed to elicit honest, in-depth narratives directly from the informants' real-life situations. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with five purposively selected parents, supplemented by photographic documentation and field notes recorded at the research site. The findings reveal that parents vary in their ability to handle a fussy child. Parents with a solid understanding of child-rearing tend to exhibit greater patience; they are able to physically soothe a crying child (co-regulation), model calm behavior (emotional modeling), and effectively teach their children to identify and name their feelings (emotion labeling). Conversely, these abilities can be hindered by tangible challenges such as a lack of parenting knowledge, physical exhaustion, and the burnout associated with managing the household alone. These issues trigger stress, leading parents to reflexively shout or resort to using a mobile phone as an instant soother (digital pacifier). In conclusion, a parent's ability to foster emotional regulation in their child depends heavily on their own capacity to manage their emotions, with tangible support from a spouse through shared parenting (coparenting) serving as the primary facilitating factor.
Keywords : Parental Ability, Developing Emotional Regulation, Toddlers, Parenting Factors, Co-parenting
References
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Amalia, R., & Hidayat, A. (2021). Penggunaan gawai sebagai digital pacifier dan dampaknya terhadap regulasi emosi anak usia dini. Jurnal Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini, 4(2), 115–128.
Arikunto, S. (2016). Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Prentice-Hall.
Bari, A., dkk. (2021). Model emotional modeling dalam membentuk karakter emosional anak di lingkungan keluarga. Jurnal Psikologi Perkembangan, 9(1), 45–58.
Berk, L. E., & Meyers, A. B. (2016). Infants, Children, and Adolescents (8th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
Calkins, S. D. (2018). Infant co-regulation and the development of emotion regulation mechanisms. Child Development Perspectives, 12(2), 94–101.
Center on the Developing Child. (2020). The science of early childhood development: Closing the gap between what we know and what we do. Harvard University.
Crandall, A., dkk. (2019). Maternal self-regulation and parenting stress: Predictors of child emotion regulation. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(4), 1102–1114.
Creswell, J. W. (2016). Research Design: Pendekatan Metode Kualitatif, Kuantitatif, dan Campuran (Edisi Ke-4). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Desmita. (2017). Psikologi Perkembangan. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Eisenberg, N. (2020). Emotion socialization theories and physical co-regulation in early childhood. Advances in Child Development, 58(2), 201–225.
Eisenberg, N., dkk. (2016). Parent socialization of emotion in the family climate. Psychological Inquiry, 27(1), 89–105.
Fahriza, N. (2024). Analisis parenting burnout terhadap tingkat kontrol emosi ibu di daerah urban. Jurnal Sains Psikologi, 13(1), 32–45.
Fajriani, A., dkk. (2025). Mengembangkan ko-regulasi mandiri toddler tanpa gawai di era digital. Jurnal Edukasi Anak Usia Dini, 11(2), 77–89.
Gottman, J. M. (2017). Emotion Coaching: Heart of Parenting. New York, NY: Harmony Books.
Gottman, J. M. (2019). The Practice of Emotion Coaching in Early Childhood. Seattle, WA: Gottman Institute Publications.
Gross, J. J. (2017). Handbook of Emotion Regulation (3rd ed.). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
Grych, J., dkk. (2020). Interparental conflict and family emotional climate: Impacts on early childhood. Journal of Family Psychology, 34(3), 289–302.
Gunawan, I. (2016). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif: Teori dan Praktik. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
Hamidi. (2016). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif: Aplikasi Praktis Pembuatan Proposal dan Laporan Penelitian. Malang: UMM Press.
Hastings, P. D., dkk. (2017). Parental consistency and the stability of children’s emotional development. Developmental Psychology, 53(5), 845–857.
Herdiansyah, H. (2016). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif untuk Ilmu Psikologi. Jakarta: Salemba Humanika.
Herdiansyah, H. (2016). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif untuk Ilmu Psikologi. Jakarta: Salemba Humanika.
Karisma, D., dkk. (2020). Stimulasi awal regulasi emosi anak toddler melalui mikrosistem keluarga harian. Jurnal PAUD Agapedia, 4(1), 60–73.
Kopp, C. B. (2018). Antecedents in the development of toddler emotion regulation. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 83(2),101–118.
Lunkenheimer, E., dkk. (2018). Parent-child coregulation of emotion and the development of self-regulation. Social Development, 27(3), 621–438.
Moleong, L. J. (2016). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif (Edisi Revisi). Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Morris, A. S., dkk. (2021). The role of the family context in the development of emotion regulation. Social Policy Report, 34(2), 1–32.
Morris, A. S., dkk. (2022). Neurobiology of family emotional climate and toddler emotional development. Development and Psychopathology, 34(1), 112–129.
Muhadjir, N. (2016). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif (Edisi Ke-5). Yogyakarta: Rake Sarasin.
Nasution, S. (2016). Metode Penelitian Naturalistik Kualitatif. Bandung: Tarsito.
Papalia, D. E., & Feldman, R. D. (2016). A Child's World: Infancy Through Adolescence (13th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Perry, N. B., dkk. (2020). Parental emotion modeling and the socialization of children's behavior. Developmental Psychology, 56(8), 1445–1458.
Puspitasari, D., dkk. (2022). Perlindungan hukum dan hak mental anak berdasarkan UUD 1945 Pasal 28B. Jurnal Yuridis Sosial, 5(2), 122–135.
Puspitasari, D., dkk. (2023). Analisis bentuk kemampuan ko-regulasi fisik harian orang tua saat balita rewel. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 7(3), 3105–3118.
Raco, J. R. (2016). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif: Jenis, Karakteristik, dan Keunggulannya. Jakarta: Grasindo.
Rahiem, M. D. (2023). Bebas kekerasan psikologis: Memenuhi hak mental anak usia toddler pasca pandemi. Jurnal Pendidikan Pendidikan, 14(1), 18–29.
Rahma, F., dkk. (2024). Perbedaan kelelahan mental (burnout) kelompok ibu bekerja dan ibu rumah tangga di daerah urban industri. Jurnal Psikologi Perkotaan, 11(1), 66–79.
Rukin. (2016). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Jakarta: Yayasan Ahmar Cendekia Indonesia.
Santrock, J. W. (2016). Life-Span Development (16th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Santrock, J. W. (2019). Children (14th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Setiawan, A., dkk. (2024). Ketergantungan gawai (digital pacifier) pada toddler dan kegagalan fungsi co-regulation. Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, 12(1), 90–103.
Shaffer, A., dkk. (2022). Psychological readiness and environmental predictors of parental coregulation capacity. Parenting: Science and Practice, 22(3), 188–205.
Shonkoff, J. P., dkk. (2017). Lifelong effects of early childhood experiences on brain architecture and emotional stability. Pediatrics, 139(2), 220–235.
Spinrad, T. L., dkk. (2023). Maternal emotional wellbeing and supportive socialization responses to toddler tantrum. Child Development, 94(2), 550–566.
Sugiyono. (2016). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Sulaeman, E. (2018). Stres harian lingkungan industri pemukiman padat dan pengaruhnya terhadap kestabilan emosi ibu. Jurnal Kesehatan Perkotaan, 5(2),74–85.
Sunarti, E., & Muttaqin, Z. (2024). Pengaruh tingkat mindful parenting orang tua terhadap penahanan diri saat anak tantrum parah. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga & Konsumen, 17(1), 14–27.
Suryani, L., & Hartati, S. (2020). Dilema pengasuhan domestik kelompok ibu urban di kawasan pabrik Kota Cilegon. Jurnal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, 8(2), 202–215.
Thompson, R. A. (2019). The Development of Emotion Regulation: A Socio- Emotional Perspective. London: Routledge.
Wandansari, D. (2020). Keterampilan kontrol diri orang tua sebagai role model penenangan diri toddler harian. Jurnal Psikologi Klinis Indonesia, 4(1), 15–28.
Yusuf, A. M. (2016). Metode Penelitian: Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan Penelitian Gabungan. Jakarta: Prenadamedia Group.
